Saturday 20 May 2017

Needs For The Proposals Writing


Contents

What is a proposal letter?. 2

Pre-Proposal 2

Solicited Proposal 2

Renewal and Continuation Proposals. 3

Limited Solicitations. 3

Revised Budgets. 4

Writing an Informal Proposal 5

Sample Proposal Letter.. 6






Proposal writing

What is a proposal letter?


A proposal is a request for support of sponsored research, training or other creative activity submitted in accordance with the funding sponsor's instructions. Proposals are written when people need to ask permission to make a purchase, do a project, or write a paper; the proposal is a formal way of putting forth an idea and asking for action to be taken on that idea.

Types of proposal



Pre-Proposal
Solicited Proposal
Renewal and Continuation Proposals
Limited Submissions
Revised Budgets

Pre-Proposal


This type of proposal is requested when a sponsor wishes to minimize an applicant’s effort in preparing a full proposal. They are usually in the form of a letter of intent or a brief abstract of what the PI plans to do, how the PI will conduct the project and why this project has merit. A pre-proposal establishes a foundation for discussion; it does not commit the PI or the University to anything. However, since these proposals often do become the basis for negotiation for funding, if a budget is included in the submission, Proposal Services will route it for the appropriate University signatures. When requested by the sponsor, the pre-proposal may be used to determine how well the project fits the agency’s priorities. Also, the preliminary proposal may determine selection for the next stage of the application, help in the selection of possible reviewers and possibly offer a chance for feedback to the PI. After the preproposal is reviewed, the sponsor notifies the investigator if a full proposal is warranted.

Solicited Proposal




Sponsors solicit formal proposals by publishing specific program announcements. These solicitations are often called Request for Proposals (RFPs), Funding Opportunity Announcements (FOAs), Broad Agency Announcements (BAAs), etc. Researchers responding to the program announcement write the proposal to meet the sponsor’s program guidelines. Deadlines may recur annually or several times a year.

A response to a Request for Proposal (RFP) is one type of solicited proposal. Most RFP’s have a stated deadline and are one-time solicitations for specific needs of the sponsor, not expected to recur. The proposed project must respond to the specific work statement in the Request for Proposal.

Renewal and Continuation Proposals


A competing renewal proposal (also called a competing continuation) is a request for continued funding of a project for which the funding or project period is about to terminate. Such proposals are similar to "new" proposals and must be routed and approved in the same manner.

Noncompeting continuation proposals, which request the next year’s funding within a multi-year grant, generally consist of a progress report, budget, and other relevant materials such as research results, reprints, vitae for new personnel, etc. They sometimes include a financial status report showing the unobligated balance for the current year. Generally, sponsors require the signature of the institutional official and investigators. Noncompeting continuation proposals are routed through UAccess Research, even if a budget is not required.

Limited Solicitations


Occasionally, sponsors announce program funding opportunities, limiting the number of proposals that may be submitted by each institution/applicant. Research, Discovery & Innovation distributes the program applications to the appropriate deans and center directors, who, in turn, distribute to the appropriate faculty, depending on the subject matter of the program. Faculty interested in submitting proposals send a one-page description of the proposed project and copy of their curriculum vitae to their Dean. The major criterion for selecting proposals is the relevance to the program selection criteria and the potential for successfully competing in the sponsor’s competitive process. Faculty whose pre-proposals survive the institutional pre-competition will prepare a complete application to submit to the sponsor.

Revised Budgets


When a sponsor wants to fund a proposed project at an amount different from that originally proposed, the sponsor asks the investigator to submit a "revised" budget supporting the amount to be funded. A revised budget must be routed through the University proposal routing process to document the signatories’ approval of the budget revisions. If the sponsor reduces the budget, the investigator must determine whether the originally proposed scope and objectives of the project can be met under the revised budget. If not, the investigator and sponsor must redefine the scope and objectives in writing before the University accepts the award.

If the original budget contained cost share or matching, the cost share or matching amount may need to change to reflect the budget revisions.





Important



The importance of business proposals

  • One of the major reasons why business proposals are written is in order to propose a product or service to a prospective customer or buyer.
  • Business proposals are written in order to offer solutions to the problems faced by prospective customers.
  • Business proposals enable businesses to sell their products or services. A business proposal is one of the most effective tools that can be used by a person or business to sell a product or services.
  • Business proposals help businesses to compete without even needing to send marketers or representatives to physically go to the prospective customers to pitch or to try and sell their products or services. The business proposal, if written very well would on its own be able to do all the promotion and selling.

Writing an Informal Proposal


Follow these steps when writing a proposal:

  1. State your purpose.  Do this clearly and concisely so that the reader knows immediately why you are writing.
  2. Give some background information about why you are proposing your suggestion so that the reader has a better understanding of the problem.
  3. State a solution to the problem; this is where you give specifics about your suggestion.
  4. Continue with any costs that will be involved.
  5. Conclude by restating the problem and proposed solution.




Sample Proposal Letter





TO:       
The Loss Mitigation Department of ABC Lenders 
ATTN:  
Janice Johnson, Loss Mitigation Specialist 
FROM: 
Alice Agent 
RE:       
Short Sale Proposal for 123 Main Street, Anytown, USA



Dear Ms. Johnson,



We have a signed real estate purchase contract with your borrower Daniel and Sandy Smith, the owners of 123 Main Street, Anytown, USA. The Smiths have agreed to sell their property to Lee and Sandra Jones for a purchase price of $375,000.



The current loan balance for loan #456781239 is $450,000. The Smiths are five payments behind in the amount of $9,000. Since their real estate taxes were not escrowed, the current taxes in the amount of $8,000 are also due. Daniel has lost his job as a manager of a large home improvement company and Sandy is a stayathome mom with their four children.



Please review the enclosed information. Our market analysis of the property and overview of the market as well as the situation of the seller indicate that it is in the best interest of both you as the lender and the Smiths to accept this buyer’s offer.



We look forward to doing business with you.



Sincerely,


Alice Agent

KIRCHHOFF`S VOLTAGE LAW


Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL)


Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) The sum of all the voltages around a loop is equal to zero. This law is also called Kirchhoff's second lawKirchhoff's loop (or mesh) rule, and Kirchhoff's second rule.









  • Make a circuit using the same Resistors (R1 = R2 = R3 = 1k Ω) and voltage source i.e.   Vs =15v.


Figure 1

  • Then simulate the circuit and we got the voltage at each node and then find the voltage drop at each node.

Calculations


(voltage drop across) V1 = Vs  – 10.00 = 15.00 – 10.00 = 5v

(voltage drop across) V2 = 10.00v – 5.00v                     = 5v

(voltage drop across) V3 = 5.00v – 0v                            = 5v

Conclusion


We found that in the same resistance of the resistors, the voltage drops at each resistor is equal.

V1 + V2 + V3  -  VS  = 0


KIRCHOOFF VOLTAGE LAW



5v + 5v + 5v – 15v = 0v

HENCE KIRCHOOFF`S VOLTAGE LAW PROVED…




But in case-II when the resistors are changed i.e. R1 R2 R3 , the voltage drop will not be the same in each resistor.



Figure 2

 


Calculation


(voltage drop across) V1 = Vs  – 15.00 = 30.00 – 15.00 = 15v

(voltage drop across) V2 = 15.00v – 3.000v                  =12v

(voltage drop across) V3 = 3.000v – 0v                        = 3v

Conclusion


The voltage drop across different resistance of resistors are different.



V1 + V2 + V3  -  VS  = 0


KIRCHOOFF VOLTAGE LAW



3v + 12v + 15v – 30v = 0v

HENCE KIRCHOOFF`S VOLTAGE LAW PROVED…




If we have given the value of the SOURCE VOLTAGE (Vs) and Total Resistance ( Req ),  we can easily find out the value of the each voltage and prove the KIRCHOOFF`S VOLTAGE LAW.

Calculation

Given data

Vs = 30v

Req = 10k

To find

I =?

V1 =?

V2 =?

V3 =?

Solution

As:     Vs = I Req


I =



V1 = IR1 = 3mA*1k = 3v

V2 = IR2 = 3mA*4k = 12v

V3 = IR3 = 3mA*5k = 15v


KIRCHOOFF VOLTAGE LAW

V1 + V2 + V3  -  VS  = 0



3v + 12v + 15v – 30v = 0v

HENCE KIRCHOOFF`S VOLTAGE LAW PROVED…

INTRODUCTION TO PSPICE SOFTWARE

Objectives

  • To make familiar with the use of PsPice software.
  • Verifying ohm`s law using PsPice and also practically perform the experiment.
PSpice is a SPICE analog circuit and digital logic simulation program for Microsoft Windows. The name is an acronym for Personal SPICE - SPICE itself being an acronym for Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis.
PSPICE is a circuit analysis tool that allows the user to simulate a circuit and extract key voltages and currents. Information is entered into PSPICE via one of two methods; they are a typed 'Net List' or by designing a visual a schematic which is transformed into a netlist.

Procedure for Calculating It in Pspice:
Normally the following steps are used for calculating the values in PsPice schematic:
  1. Open up Pspice schematics.

                 ii.   Click on get new part.
 iii. Then place the option which you want to have.
 iv.We need dc voltage source. So we write V (dc).
                   v. Gnd is used to have ground.

                    vi.    After selecting the things and options we want, press on simulate.

                   vii. Then after pressing simulate, we press V and I mentioned in the menu bar.
viii.And we will get the values of voltage and current.
Circuits drawn is pspice:
  1. When voltage V is 5 volt and Resistor r is 1k.

  • After getting so many values we draw a graph.
The ohm`s law states that electric current is proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance.
I = V / R

APPARATUS

  • Resistors
  • Digital Multimeter
  • Digital Power Supply
  • Connecting Wires.

PROCEDURE

             Here are the main steps of the experiment using breadboard, digital power supply and DMM.
  1. First of all, supply the digital voltage source of specific voltage and find the voltage across the resistor.
  2. Find the Resistance of the resistors using multimeter.
  3. After finding R, find the value of I(current) using the ohm`s formula, V=IR.
  4. After finding the V and I, Repeat the experiment several times.
V (DMM)
R
V/R
I= V/R
15.18 v
5.88 k
15.18/5.88
25 mA
5.21 v
5.88 k
5.21/5.88
0.88 mA
5.22 v
46.67
5.22/46.67
0.11 mA
15.17 v
46.67
15.17/46.67
0.32 mA
5.22 v
50 Ω
5.22/50
0.10 mA
15.11 v
50 Ω
15.11/50
0.30 mA